mTeSR 1で継代培養したヒト人工多能性幹（iPS）細胞から、STEMdiff SMADi Neural Induction Kitにより胚様体（EB）プロトコルで神経前駆細胞を作製し、さらにSTEMdiff Forebrain Neuron Differentiation Kit と Maturation Kitで前脳型ニューロンに分化、成熟させました。
（A）iPS細胞由来の神経前駆細胞をSTEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Differentiation Kitで7日間、STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Maturation Kitで14日間培養した後、前脳型ニューロンが形成されました。得られた培養物には、（B）クラスIIIβ-チューブリン陽性ニューロン（緑）の非常に純粋な集団が含まれる一方、（C）アストロサイト（GFAP陽性細胞、赤）は10％未満です。（D）核はDAPI（青）で標識されています。

(A) NPCs generated from STiPS-R038 hPSCs in mTeSR™1 using the STEMdiff™ SMADi Neural Induction Kit EB protocol were differentiated and matured to cortical neurons using STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Differentiation Kit for 7 days and STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Maturation Kit for 14 days. The resulting cultures contain a highly pure population of (B) class III β-tubulin-positive neurons (green) with less than 10% GFAP-positive astrocytes (not shown). (C) The generated neurons are also positive for FOXG1 expression (red), indicating a forebrain-type identity. (D) Nuclei are labeled with Hoechst (blue). NPCs = neural progenitor cells; hPSC = human pluripotent stem cell

Forebrain-type neurons generated from iPSC-derived NPCs (line AIW002-02) were cultured using the STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Differentiation Kit for 7 days and subsequently matured for the following 6 weeks using STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Maturation Kit. The resulting cultures contain a mixed population of neurons expressing VGLUT1, a glutamatergic marker of excitatory neurons (green), as well as MAP2-positive neurons, indicating mature neurons (magenta). Nuclei are labeled with Hoechst (blue). Data courtesy of Cecilia Rocha, The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University. iPSC = induced pluripotent stem cell; NPCs = neural progenitor cells

NPCs generated from the H1 cell line were differentiated to astrocytes using STEMdiff™ Astrocyte Differentiation and Maturation Kits. H9 cell-derived NPCs were differentiated to forebrain-type neurons using STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Differentiation and Maturation Kits. For co-culture, matured astrocytes were seeded onto forebrain neurons that had been in STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Maturation Medium for at least one week. Co-cultures were then switched to STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Maturation Medium the following day and for the remaining co-culture. (A) Neurons cultured alone, following the co-culture feeding schedule, are labeled with DCX (green). (B) DCX-positive neurons (green) and astrocytes (GFAP, red) can be co-cultured for at least 1 - 2 weeks prior to analysis.

NPCs generated from the STiPS-R038 cell line were differentiated to astrocytes using STEMdiff™ Astrocyte Differentiation and Maturation Kits. STiPS-M001 cell-derived NPCs were differentiated to forebrain-type neurons using STEMdiff™ Forebrain Neuron Differentiation and Maturation Kits. After co-culture for one week, neurons (A) had significantly increased neurite outgrowth as measured on MAP2-positive neurons with the NeuriteTracer plugin for ImageJ (M Pool et al. J Neurosci Methods, 2008) and (B) were more numerous than neurons cultured alone using the same feeding schedule. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.